Repercussões do processo de trabalho na saúde do enfermeiro do programa saúde da família: prazer e sofrimento

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the labor process of nurses and its relation with the production of pleasure and suffering in the Family Health Program (FHP) of Feira de Santana-BA; to understand the meanings attributed to labor, to pleasure and suffering by nurses regarding their care production; to identify the elements of the labor process that shape situations of pleasure and / or suffering; to discuss the strategies developed by nurses for have pleasure and/or prevent the suffering in their daily work. Case study, qualitative. One used as data collection techniques semi-structured interviews and systematic observation, and as methods of analysis, the thematic content. The data were summarized in four categories: 1) Labor Process of nurses in the FHP, 2) Meaning of Labor, pleasure and suffering, 3) Pleasure and pain in nurses labor, 4) Coping. The results showed a working process consisting of subjects, mostly women, recent graduates with little work experience in the FHP, without labor rights and other bonds, which recognized the community, users and the staff as the object of their labor. Although, the assumption on prevention and promotion were granted as purposes of their work, they also showed "trapped” to assistance practices. The tools revealed a preponderance of hard and soft-hard technologies developed in multiple activities at the unit, household and community spaces, uncomfortable and with many risks. The labor rhythmic was accelerated and the time spent on bureaucratic activities consumed much of the workload. For nurses, the output of their work is structured by bonds and community recognition, and may be limited by the lack of autonomy. The meaning of labor emerged as the embodiment of a vocation, other‟s needs satisfaction - the user, and benefits in the form of accumulation of tangible and intangible assets. The meaning of pleasure emerged as a feeling of welfare, to be able to satisfy the need of another. The meaning of suffering, in turn, was confoundered with its causes: the sadness of the user, the (dis) service of the network and the powerlessness of nurses. Physical impacts came from non-fulfillment of their basic human needs, wear with excessive bureaucratic activities, lack of partnership with the doctor and having more than one bond of employment. The causes of dissatisfaction were related to working conditions, precariousness and little time for family. Coping strategies such as avoidance behaviors, physical and leisure activities constituted "safety valves" that did not lead to an overrun in order to modify the work and the subject. The high turnover of nurses in municipal management masked the magnitude of the problem, justifying the need for further studies and a policy of improving of such workers to discuss the organization of labor and its impact on the nurses‟ health of the FHP.