Fatores associados ao estado nutricional de crianças de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil

Abstract

This is a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort born that intended to analyze the factors associated with nutritional status of 790 children under 4 years old, of Feira de Santana, Bahia. The independent variables were obtained in the database of Vieira (2005a), being related to the characteristics of children, socio-demographic factors and reproductive and maternal to child care characteristics. The dependent variable was nutritional status, assessed by anthropometric method were calculated the weight/high indices (W/H), age stature (A/H) and weight/age (W/A), with the use of beta software ANTHRO (WHO, 2005), from measures of weight and stature of children, as the procedures dictated by "basic guidelines for collecting, processing and analysis of data and information on health services" (Brazil, 2004). The anthropometric indexes were compared to the growth curves Multicentre Growth Reference Study (MGRS/WHO) and the National Center for Health Scheduler (NCHS) 1977 being adopted as normality clipping points-and-z + act in relation to the median of reference population. The study protocol has been approved in the Committee on ethics in search of the State University of Feira de Santana under record in 096/2006. Analysis based growth curves of the MGRS/WHO, the deficit by prevalence, linear growth deficit and low weight for age where were 0.4%, 4.9% and 1.5% respectively, with predominance in males and children born with low weight or insufficient weight. Low weight or insufficient weight at birth, school education of mothers, multiparity, age 20 years, breast to 4 months work and precarious prenatal follow-up involved significant way, the occurrence of low stature in children. As the overweight, the results showed 11.8% and 8.4% prevalence, valued at W/H and W/A, respectively, with significant association with the appropriate weight at birth in both indicators. The overweight by W/A was more prevalent among children whose mothers have higher level of schooling and between the children of mothers what pregnancy for first time. The overweight by W/H was more prevalent among children whose mothers worked for 4 months. There was no significant difference in overweight and linear growth deficit between the sexes. The nutritional status judged three anthropometric indicators not on breastfeeding. Analysis of nutritional assessment results compared to curves of NCHS 1977 was revealed an increase in cases of growth deficit of 2.8% to 4.9%, and overweight, of 6.7% to 11.8%, while the percentage of weight deficit has not changed, staying at 0,4%. There was a slight reduction in the occurrence of low weight for age, 2.2% to 1.5% and overweight, by W/A, 8.6% to 8.4%. In this search, the results of the comparison of nutritional assessment of children, made by both growth curves, showed an increase in the prevalence of overweight, whereas the W/H, and increase in the prevalence of growing deficit in the new reference. As provided by who, there was a decrease in the rate of malnutrition, by index W/A. Finally, there was dramatic difference in the prevalence of overweight, by index W/A, when growth references were compared.