Associação entre periodontite e síndrome metabólica em uma unidade de saúde da família em Salvador-Ba

Abstract

Periodontitis is characterized by a group of alterations that cause inflammation of the tissues that give support to the tooth, where the occurrence of this inflammation may be able to stimulate systemic inflammatory responses in the organism through the dissemination of immunological mediators, which can favor the occurrence and / or exacerbation of the metabolic syndrome. The latter is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease, and is characterized by a set of metabolic abnormalities (dyslipidemia, hypertension, glucose intolerance, central obesity and insulin resistance). Objective: This study aims to verify and estimate the association of periodontitis in the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome. Method: Cross-sectional study with 90 users of the Vale do Cambonas Family Health Unit in Salvador-Ba. Data collection was performed in four stages: questionnaire application, physical / anthropometric evaluation; dental evaluation, record of the results of laboratory tests and evaluation of medical records. A bivariate and stratified analysis was performed, obtaining means and standard deviation for continuous variables and absolute and relative frequency for all included variables. Conditional logistic regression was performed to obtain the final model adjusted by confounding powers. Results (article 1): In the final sample, 46.67% were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome according to the NECP-ATP III criteria and 30.00% were considered to have periodontitis, where 20.00% were considered as severe periodontitis; 10% with moderate periodontitis and none with mild periodontitis according to criteria proposed by Gomes-Filho et al. (2005, 2007). The crude and adjusted association measures revealed a statistically significant association between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis (ORbruta = 2.58, 95% CI [1.02 - 6.55]) (OR adjusted = 2.63, 95% CI [1.01 - (ORB = 3.86)) and between metabolic syndrome and severe periodontitis (ORbruta = 3.86, 95% CI [1.24-11.98]) / (OR adjusted = 4.14, 95% CI [1.29-13.29]). Article 2: Good agreement between the diagnostic criteria of MS (IDF and NCEP ATP III) (Kappa = 0.8230) and averange concordance between the diagnostic criteria of periodontitis proposed by Gomes-Filho et al. (2005, 2007) and Page and Eke (2007) and Eke et al. (2012) (Kappa = 0.5503). Conclusions: The main findings of this study indicate a positive association between periodontitis and metabolic syndrome, and a greater effect is observed when associated only with cases of severe periodontitis. The high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the sample reveals the need to implement public policies to cope with this disease of great impact on collective health.