Análise dialélica para descritores morfoagronômicos de híbridos de physalis angulata l.

Abstract

The Solanaceae family has great economic importance, and many species are used in human food. The species Physalis angulata L., belonging to this family, is known because, in addition to contributing to beauty in crafts and culinary works, it has high nutritional and pharmaceutical value. Given the importance of the species, this study aimed to carry out an analysis of the complete diallel to evaluate the characteristics of the plant and fruit from five accessions of P. angulata, to the genetic improvement of the species. The seeds of the accessions of P. angulata were sown in polyethylene and collective bags in a greenhouse, and, after development, crosses were performed to form the complete diallel. The experiment was installed in DBC, and evaluated for 20 characteristics, where nine of them were discarded because they did not present variability. Among the descriptors days to flowering, plant height, stem diameter, fruit per plant, fruit weight, longitudinal axis of the fruit, transversal axis of the fruit, soluble solids content, weight of seeds per fruit, quantity of seeds per fruit and fruit color, evaluated for 23 genotypes of P. angulata, AP and TSS golf summarized genetic variability. The selection of hybrids was based on Selegen model 36, where the expression of heterobeltiosis in the TSS characteristic was verified for the hybrids Pi x G 53 and Can x LG and heterosis for the hybrids Can x LG, Pi x LG and LG x G 53 For the plant height descriptor, the genotypes that heterobeltiosis were Pi x Laj and Can x Laj and for heterosis were Can x Laj, Pi x Laj, G 53 x LG, Can x G 53 and Can x Laj. Based on the selection index of the Aditivo and Mulamba-Rank models, the best hybrids for the descriptors plant height and soluble solids content were Can x G53, Can x Pi, Can x LG, Pi x G53 and G53 x Pi, expressing less size and higher sugar content in its fruits.