As observações astronômicas de Galileu Galilei e sua inserção no ensino de física

Abstract

The astronomical work carried out by Galileo Galilei, through his through his galilean telescope, contributed to a paradigm shift, related to the World Model defended until the end of the 16th century, based on a Geocentric proposal. After Galileo's astronomical observations, arguments arise, based on discoveries made with the development of this new scientific instrument, the telescope. However, when looking at the importance of this theme in Physics Teaching, this aspect is not treated with due relevance, a fact that motivates this work. In view of this concern, supported by an analysis in textbooks, resume of Degree in Physics courses, scientific articles, it is stated that there is a lack of approach on the contribution of Galileo's scientific work related to his astronomical discoveries. With the objective of contributing to change this scenario, this work proposes to carry out a set of activities, involving as a theme the importance of Galileo's astronomical observations. The proposal consisted of observational activities, scientific dissemination actions, and a research based on a pedagogical intervention, having as target audience students of the Degree in Physics of the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Bahia – campus Salvador. As a result of the project's actions, the results of an Astronomy Workshop given to PIBID – IFBA scholarship holders stand out as products. This workshop was structured from previous interventions (verification questionnaire, lectures and seminars), which allowed the establishment of a structured strategy based on the proposals listed in the BNCC. A qualitative analysis, based on the Content Analysis technique, provided an evaluation indicating a favorable scenario, supported by the actions taken, showing that this type of pedagogical intervention proposal provides an improvement in the students' discussion level, which demonstrates the possibility of discussion of absent themes during teacher training. As a result of the workshop, an Educational Product was elaborated in the form of a Roadmap of Practical Activities, based on the construction of rudimentary scientific instruments, and their use to carry out astronomical observations.