Campo e cidade, rural e urbano em Feira de Santana: a lei complementar nº 075/2013 no distrito de Humildes

Abstract

The present text aims to analyze the countryside and the city in Feira de Santana, using complementary Law nº 075/2013, through the modification of the rural to urban space and the implications for the district of Humildes. The dimension of the countryside-city and rural-urban in the contemporary world witnesses the contradictions of the reproduction of capital, the process of urbanization and industrialization, being essential to the existing socio-spatial contradictions. In the search for discussions that identify such problems, the contributions of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels and Lefebvre were used, as it enables the analysis of the genesis of the capitalist mode of production and its impacts, therefore, essential to highlight the role of capital in contradictory and unequal aspects produced in space. The most recent approaches on these categories of analysis are discussed as spaces of continuum, therefore they also deserve to be addressed, since they identify the new complexities produced in the current context. Authors such as José Graziano da Silva, Ana Fani Alessandri Carlos and João Rua thus reveal the peculiarities of spaces when explaining their processes and the ways that dynamize the new practices established by local social relations. The investigative path took place through documentary research through the analysis of laws at the national and municipal levels. The mapping served as an instrument to delimit the spatial physical dimensions of Feira de Santana and its impacts at district level. The field research served to get to know the reality of the community, with the intention of identifying the particularities, that is, inserting in the discussion the perception of the subjects involved. For this, it was necessary to explain the rural-city relationship in Feira de Santana by expanding the urban perimeter, mapping the rural and urban areas of Feira de Santana with an emphasis on Humildes and identifying the spatial implications for the community in the socioeconomic context. Therefore, the analysis of the object allowed to verify that the field-city relationship is established by its dimensions and the forms attributed, due to the phenomena set there, in which the historical processes give it elements that differentiate and distinguish it. It is concluded that the municipal government of Feira de Santana acted together with the real estate capital to promote urban expansion through normative acts. Thus, many of these legislative actions do not match the local dynamics, with regard to districts, promote spatial inequalities and directly affect the people who survive from rural practices, therefore, rural workers are the most affected. Another issue identified is the modification of the land's function, since by transforming it into urban soil, new practices are created, such as the subdivision process and its transformation in the spatial configuration.