O assentamento Paulo Cunha, em Santo Amaro/BA: caminhos e entraves para a regularização das famílias junto ao INCRA

Abstract

Agrarian reform has been a subject of constant debate in the political, social and academic scenario in Brazil. Among the actors who debate and fight for agrarian reform, there are several rural social movements, especially the Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST), which this esearcher swells its ranks and is one of the central objects of this research. We will seek to portray in this research the reality of the families of the Settlement Project (PA) Paulo Cunha, in the municipality of Santo Amaro, in Bahia. To develop the research, we opted for the Social Research methodology, as we believe it is the one that best fits the objective of the research developed and the intrinsic relationship between the researcher and the research object, the PA Paulo Cunha and the MST. For the theoretical framework, we focused on two main themes, namely, agrarian reform and rural settlement, which we developed from authors who have dedicated themselves to academically debating the proposed themes. Thus, we identify the legal frameworks of agrarian reform; the norms governing expropriation, acquisition and creation of rural settlements; agrarian reform data from the country's redemocratization in 1985; and, the organicity of the MST and its performance in the Recôncavo region of Bahia, with a focus on the municipality of Santo Amaro. In the field work, we used documental research on PA Paulo Cunha, semi-structured interviews with MST leaders and residents of the Settlement, as well as the production of photographic records of the community as methodological instruments. As a result of the field research, we identified the struggle process for the conquest of the PA Paulo Cunha; that the community is organized according to the MST method; the precarious infrastructure of the Settlement, especially in relation to roads; the large production of families; in addition, there are family groups that live in the Settlement and are not registered with the National Program for Agrarian Reform (PNRA). Thus, we seek to understand the role of the Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (INCRA) in relation to the families that live in the PA Paulo Cunha, which should be the organization of the Settlement and the provision of resources for the development of the community and autonomy of the families, but in reality it has been neglecting with regard to agrarian reform. With a view to contributing to these households, we have prepared a product (folder) that provides guidelines for regularization in the PNRA, if they so wish. We also contributed to the community of PA Paulo Cunha in the preparation of the new Bylaws of the local Association, in which we comply with the rules of the Regulatory Framework for Civil Society Organizations (MROSC).