Desenvolvimento e avaliação in vivo de formulação contendo Nanohidroxiapatita para o tratamento de lesões ósseas

Abstract

Bone defects can develop from different origins and, considering the high socioeconomic impact involved in the recovery of patients affected by injuries, the search for materials that promote rapid bone densification and effective mechanical stabilization has been increasing. Thus, the production of a sodium alginate gel containing nanohydroxyapatite presents itself as a high-level technological innovation in terms of biomaterials. After production and characterization, the gel was evaluated in animal models of femur and parietal bone lesions. Male and previously ovariectomized female Wistar rats were used to mimic a context of traumatic fracture and osteoporosis, respectively. The effect of the application of the gel was also investigated by measuring hepatic and renal markers, which showed the absence of harmful effects at a systemic level. The local action was observed from the histopathological analysis of the sample, where it was possible to verify, for the first time, that the formulation containing sodium alginate and nanohydroxyapatite proved to be effective in stimulating bone formation in the region of defects in compact and cancellous bone. Growth of at least 100 µm portions of neoformed tissue was observed in all treated groups. The data point to a formulation with potential use in several clinical contexts of fracture recovery due to its high biocompatibility and low cost. However, further studies are needed to outline the pharmacological profile and obtain essential information for the monitoring and development of new materials with osteoinductive action.