Pelo direito à cidade sustentável: proposta de Parque Linear para Feira de Santana - Bahia

Abstract

A sustainable city is one that seeks balance between the environmental dimension and economic development, in order to respect the carrying capacity of the urban ecosystem, and that is organized in such a way that the rational use of environmental resources is taken care of, environmental pollution is reduced, and spaces and species are protect. The right to a sustainable city is an unwritten fundamental right, which arises from the principle of human dignity and the legal regime of broad environmental protection provided for in the Federal Constitution of Brazil, of 1988. The need and relevance of making cities sustainable is attested by the SDGs of the 2030 Agenda. Brazil and 192 other countries that are part of the United Nations (UN) have committed to implement the 2030 Agenda, acting in collaborative partnership. Based on the above and as a way to validate and achieve the fundamental right to a sustainable city, this dissertation has as its main objective to propose the implementation of a linear park on the terraces of the Olhos D’Água River, in the city of Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. Regarding the specific objectives, they are: a) Studying national, state and municipal legislation on Linear Parks; b) Demonstrate the socio-environmental situation of the city of Feira de Santana with a view to the implementation of a Linear Park in the Muchila neighborhood; and c) To present a model of the Olhos D’Água Linear Park. In order to achieve the aforementioned objectives, the following methodological procedures were adopted: bibliographic and documentary review; production of maps, graphs and tables on the study area based on Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data; and visual interpretation of data and information. It was observed that in federal and state legislation, the term “Linear Park” is not found explicitly. However, considering that this type of park is intrinsically related to water resources, we find space for the implementation of this urban intervention in the legislation related to the protection of water resources, such as Law No. 4,771/1965 repealed by Law No. 12,651/2012 (New Forest Code); Magna Carta of 1988; Law No. 9,433/1997 (Water Law); Law No. 10,257/2001 (City Statute); Law 11,612 (Water Resources in the State of Bahia); among others analyzed. Regarding municipal legislation, the Feira de Santana Master Plan differs from the national and state legislation analyzed, since its text suggests the implementation of linear parks as an instrument for drainage and stormwater management in urban areas. Regarding the level of sustainability of Feira de Santana, we have that the city has a low level, with an overall score of 47.32 out of a total of 100, according to the Sustainable Development Index of Cities (IDSC); which points out the need for urban instruments that take into account socio-environmental needs, such as a Linear Park, to allow the River to provide its ecosystem services to the population and provide the population with a space for leisure, environmental education and tourism.