Identificação e avaliação de resistência de acessos de Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae) a nematoides das galhas

Abstract

The genus Physalis, of the Solanaceae family, includes species with multiple uses, including food, pharmacology, and ornamental purposes, with South America being one of its main centers of diversity. However, its productivity can be compromised by root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), which affect the plant's root system. In surveys conducted at the Horto Florestal Experimental Unit of the UEFS, symptoms of nematode attack were detected in Physalis angulata L. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the Meloidogyne species present in the area and to evaluate the susceptibility of different Physalis species (P. angulata, P. peruviana, and P. ixocarpa) and the resistance of eight P. angulata accessions to parasitism. The pathogen was identified using morphological, biochemical, and molecular methods, confirming the presence of M. enterolobii, an aggressive and widely distributed species. Susceptibility assessment was conducted in a greenhouse using a completely randomized design with four treatments and eight replicates. All species were susceptible to the nematode, with RF values ranging from 10.3 to 15.4. Resistance of P. angulata accessions was assessed using morphological and phytosanitary variables, with seven replicates. Significant differences were observed among accessions, with accessions from Espírito Santo, Pará, Anguera, and Piauí being more susceptible, while accessions from Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Pernambuco showed resistance and improved vegetative development, and are recommended for genetic improvement programs and future research on nematode resistance.