Violência sexual contra adolescentes: análise de casos atendidos no serviço da escuta especializada de Feira de Santana - Bahia

Abstract

Violence is expressed in interpersonal relationships, generating inequality and abuse from a perspective of superiority. Any individual in society may become a victim, including adolescents, due to their immaturity, needs, and dependence on adult. Violence may be expressed in several forms, with sexual violence being one of the main forms. In this context, Federal Law No. 13,431 was enacted in 2017, which regulates and organizes the system for guaranteeing the rights of children and adolescents who are victims or witnesses of violence and establishes the Specialized Listening as an interview procedure with children and adolescents regarding situations of violence. The objective of this study is to characterize the sexual violence experienced by adolescents based on care provided through Specialized Listening in the municipality of Feira de Santana, Bahia, from 2020 to 2024. A cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was carried out, in which sociodemographic variables of the victim, type of sexual aggression suffered, place of aggression, aggressor’s gender, and place of violence were studied, and multivariate analysis was performed through binary logistic regression between the independent variables in relation to the outcomes of “victims of intrafamilial sexual violence” and “victims of extrafamilial sexual violence.” As a result, a total of N= 431 reports of adolescent victims of sexual violence were identified, of which 117 (27.1%) were intrafamilial and 314 (72.9%) extrafamilial in nature, with the majority of victims being female (88.9%), residents of urban areas (86.3%), with Middle School II education (57.7%), and male aggressors (95.8%). In conclusion, the study presents a predominance of the extrafamilial context, especially associated with sexual/online harassment, occurring mostly outside the home, while intrafamilial violence, although less frequent in this study, is characterized by greater repetition of episodes and female victims, as evidenced in studies conducted in Brazil and Latin America. It is important to understand and confront machismo as a means of combating sexual violence, given that the vast majority of victims are female and the possibility that the low number of male victims is also associated with machismo expressions. In order to provide better assistance to victims and prevention, the work and strengthening of the articulation of the Protection Network and services are essential, in accordance with the Specialized Listening Law.