Biopolítica e normalização: o ser surdo na atualidade

Abstract

This written work had as general objective to analyze the speeches about the deaf being and the deafness that circulate in the audiovisual material (videos posted on youtube) that show deaf subjects and listeners talking about the deafness, in the period from 2006 to 2019, after the sanction of the Decree 5626, of December 22, 2005, which regulates Law No. 10.436, of April 24, 2002, recognizing the legal and biological domain of the Brazilian Sign Language (Libras). In addition, we analyze and discuss the audioviosualities about the life narrative of an implanted Deaf , but who do not uses the implant, a Deaf person whose parents are listeners and the language used by everyone is Libras showing how they are subjectivated, and finally, speech in Libras of the first lady Michele Bolsonaro (2019) in the president tenure and the first interview granted by her after the tenure, whose objective was to analyze the historical event in its emergence, considering its dispersion, the discontinuity of happens so that a given speech appeared and not another in its place and the effects produced in the deaf community. The discussions were subsidized from the theoretical framework of Foucault's Discourse Analysis addressing issues related to the disciplinary mechanisms of the body and the regulatory mechanisms of the population (biopolitics / biopower) in line with the approaches about the body as a discursive object and crossed by the relationship of knowledge-power listed by Courtine (2013) and Milanez (2007, 2009, 2015). Methodologically, we use the assumptions of Michel Foucault's work A Arqueologia do saber, in which we problematize the formation of objects and the enunciative modalities materialized in the corpus that was divided into two formations: 1) Deaf's videos enunciating deafness; 2) journalistic videos of listeners enunciating deafness and thus showing the regularities of the doctor's normalizing discourse to face of deaf's resistance discourse, medicalization of the family institution and the control of discourse in the television media. Therefore, the results presented revealed that in nowadays deafness is still seen as an abnormality and the scientific discourse in relation to the use of the cochlear implant considered to be true, in which the Deaf subject needs been normalized to be useful and productive, in addition this, we have the biopolitical actions that manage way of life of these subjects.