Aspectos morfoanatômicos e farmacognósticos de “gervão” Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl (verbenaceae)

Abstract

The species was selected to carry out the research because of the wide medicinal use for diarrhea treatment by the Brazilian northeast population. The objective of this work was to study the morphological and anatomical aspects of the leaves of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, detect the presence of the major classes of secondary metabolites present in the crude extract of the leaves and still assessing the potential antioxidant, cytotoxic and antibacterial said extract and its fractions. To achieve the objectives, paradermic sections and cross were made to study the epidermis and its annexes. Was also analyzed characters of leaf morphology and petiole through histological sections. Phytochemical screening of crude extracts was performed by colorimetric tests and tests precipitation. From the raw methanol extract was held partitions with increasing polarity solvents (hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate). The fractionation and purification of the partitioned extracts was performed by column chromatography (CC) and monitored by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The crude extract (EB), and fractions were subjected to test the free radical sequestration 1,1 - diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test and the mortality of Artemia salina, to assess antioxidant activities and cytotoxic activities, respectively. To evaluate the antibacterial activity were performed the disk diffusion techniques in well and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) compared to the strains of Salmonella and E.coli. The blade is amphistomatic with stomata of diacític type, the epidermis is uniseriate, with the presence of trichomes. The results detected the presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins. In the evaluation of antioxidant activity, IC 50 values (mg / ml) were found 6.62 to 446.20 for the tested extracts. For cytotoxicity, all extracts showed LC50 values (mg / ml) 211.16 to 446.20, and the hexane extract the most active (LC50 211.16). For antibacterial analysis, has not been demonstrated activity of extracts front bacteria tested. The toxicity of the leaf of this species refers caution about their safety for use by the population.