Consciência fonológica e aquisição da escrita: perfil dos sujeitos do Ensino Fundamental I em Euclides da Cunha - BA

Abstract

This study focused on the investigation of phonological awareness skills according to the stages of acquisition of written language, guided by the work of Ferreiro and Teberosky (1991). It is understood here that phonological awareness refers to the ability to manipulate the sounds of a language, and can be subdivided into various skills both syllabic and phonemic levels. The study included 24 students, 12 who have already attended the 2nd year; and 12, the 5th year. The population was divided into two groups, control and experimental, and divided by sex/gender, grade/year and performance in relation to the school year, according to the indication of the teachers from those classes. To evaluate the two groups, the standardized test CONFIAS - Consciência Fonológica Instrumento de Avaliação Sequencial (MOOJEN et alii, 2011) and a dictation of words and pseudowords prepared by Moreira (2009) were applied, in order to identify in which level the students fit. The objectives are: to describe the performance of children with and without difficulties in learning of written language who have attended the 2nd and the 5th years of elementary school in tasks of phonological awareness; to trace the acquisitional profile of the abilities of phonological awareness of children with or without difficulties in learning of written language who have already attended the 2nd and the 5th years of elementary school; to make a comparative analysis of the results in the evaluation of children without learning disabilities with the results in the evaluation of children with difficulties in learning of written language; to check whether the gender factor interferes in the performance of tasks of both groups; and identify possible strategies used by the subjects in an attempt to predict the proposed task. For this purpose, it was used as a theoretical framework the work of authors such as Lemle ([1985] 2009), Ferreiro and Teberosky (1991), Capovilla and Capovilla (2000), Navas and Santos (2002), Freitas (2004), Lamprecht et alii (2004), Morais (2007, 2012), Moreira (2009), Moojen et alii (2011), Pepe (2014), among others. The results show that, in all the investigated grades, the Group A showed superior performance in all tasks, when compared to the Group B. As for the hierarchy of tasks, it was found that those ones that involve syllables are mostly considered easier and are acquired before those ones that involve phonemes. Among the investigated variables, those that showed significance in relation to the dependent variable - having or not phonological awareness - were those ones related to tasks and informants. We have also identified 20 strategies used by the students in an attempt to adequately respond to the proposed activities. Thus, we see the relevance of this study to the educational and clinical field, to delimit educators from kindergarten and elementary school as the observance of the need for phonological awareness, and health professionals who work with children have learning difficulties, in order to direct the therapeutic proposal.