Aspectos fisiológicos, anatômicos e moleculares da propagação e conservação in vitro de espécies de cactos endêmicos da Bahia

Abstract

The family Cactaceae has approximately 100 genera and 1500 species predominantly American and distributed by a wide variety of climates and ecosystems. Due to the high singularity in terms of genres and endemic species as well as the potential use of these plants for various purposes, studies on the in vitro propagation and ex situ conservation of these species must be established. Thus, the aim of this study was to understand the anatomical, physiological and molecular changes associated with the propagation and conservation in vitro Discocactus zehntneri subsp boomianus and Stephanocereus leutezlburgii, species endemic cactus of Bahia with ornamental potential. The regulators applied not exceeded the control in the induction of shoots/explant in both species and for S. luetzelburgii combination of cytokinins and auxins hiperidricos increased the percentage of shoots that did not survive after acclimatization. Normal shoots of this species have 100% survival in ex vitro conditions. The callus formation was enhanced by adding auxin to the nutrient medium for the two species analyzed and calluses with potential for in vitro morphogenesis were obtained. The proteomic analysis revealed the marker proteins differential expression of somatic embryogenesis in two strains of S. luetetzelburgii calluses. The protocol for cryopreservation D. zehntneri shoots was not effective, however the seed storage either in liquid nitrogen conditions as for ultrafreezer maintained physiological quality after storage for 360 and 180 days, respectively. Osmotic agents were effective in inhibiting in vitro growth of the species for a year without loss of viability.