A vulnerabilidade ambiental do Território do Sisal-Bahia

Abstract

The environmental dimension into the planning is critical to managing and planning territories. The materialization of the natural heritage, of shapes, anthropogenic uses, occupations and equilibrium states or instability, manifested in the landscape. The interaction nature and society fosters an understanding of the environmental system, given the interdependence of the landscape of the constituent components (physical, biological and human), translate patterns that demonstrate levels of aggradation and / or degradation resulting from human interventions. The vulnerability processes, point degree of exposure and extent of the environmental system in relation to factors interfering elements and processes homeostasis and their resilience, against external impacts and negative imbalances in the natural cycle, which according to ecodynamics (TRICART, 1977), show the picture of stability / instability of biotic components, abiotic and man-made, integrated into the landscape through matter and energy exchanges. In this sense, it analyzed in the survey, environmental vulnerability of the Sisal Territory (Bahia), constituted by the State Law No. 10,705 / 2007, from a systemic perspective of environmental approach. The unit-bounds in 20 municipalities - Araci, Baroque, Biritinga, Candeal, Cansanção, Conceição do Coité, Ichu, Itiúba, Lamarão, Monte Santo, Northeast, Burning, Quijingue, Retirolândia, Santaluz, Santo Domingo, Serrinha Toucan Teofilândia and Valente, which are inserted into the semi-arid, with the occurrence of caatingas, Savannas, pediplanos, trays and representativeness of the River Basin Itapicuru. By using geoprocessing techniques, the organization of georeferenced spatial database with natural and socioeconomic variables, the use of mapping and coverage of land, the field survey and models integrated by fuzzy logic, it became clear that the East Territory Sisal has the largest environmental vulnerability levels, caused by intercropping between lithological composition, soil structure, slope and shape of the terrain, deforestation of biomes and especially agricultural activities of subsistence and extensive cattle, which are constitute a driving force to the degradation of the natural heritage site.