Excesso de peso, padrão de consumo alimentar, parto cesáreo e pressão arterial em pré-escolares

Abstract

Overweight is one of the most common nutritional problems among children from developed and developing countries. Lifestyle changes including the food standard and physical inactivity brought changes on weight state with a potential effect to high the blood pressure. Chronic diseases such as obesity and cardiovascular illness have been associated to cesarean section by its effects on bacterial colonization inside the gastrointestinal tract of children that were born by a cesarean. The study aims to discover the association between overweight and systolic and diastolic blood pressure of preschool according as food standard of consumption and the ones borned through a cesarean. This is a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective population-based cohort, started in 2004, Feira de Santana - BA. The overweight (overweight + obesity) was analyzed by the body mass index and definite out based on Word Health Organization reference. The P.A was considered elevated when it achieved pressure levels ≥ percentile 90, for the age, gender and height obeying to the recommendations by the Brazilian Cardiology Society. Food consumption was characterized by standards (standard 1: milks consumption and derivates, vegetables and greens, tubers, cereals, fruits and fish; standard 2: salted, soft drinks/ artificial juices, candies, oils and fats and coffee/tea; standard 3: sausages, fast-food, catchup/mayonnaise and eggs; standard 4: red meats and chicken. Assessed covariables were the children characteristics, demographic and reproductive maternal. Were evaluated 618 children (51,7% boys and 48,3% girls). Overweight occurred on 28,6% of children. PAS and PAD elevated values occurred on 17,2% and 5,6% respectively. Overweight was associated with a high PAS (RP: 1,44, IC95%: 1,01 – 2,05) and a high PAD (RP: 2,16, IC95% 1,13 – 4,11). Food stands with a moderate to elevated consume of red meats and chicken were associated with à high PAD (RP: 2,36; IC95%: 1,01-6,10). Positive association between cesarean parturition and a high PAS (RP: 1,65; IC95%: 1,09-2,51). Overweight was a factor associated with à high PAS/PAD; the average and elevate consume of red meats and chicken were associated with à high PAD between children with six years old; and the cesarean parturition was associated with a high PAS among the sample of children.