Resultados perinatais em mães adolescentes e adultas jovens na Região Nordeste

Abstract

Introduction: unplanned pregnancy among adolescents is characterized as a challenge to global public health, encompassing a broader social context, the effect of which covers a range of factors harmful to the mother and fetus. Adolescents has emerged on the agendas of political control and pregnancy prevention, national and global level, in view of the high percentage of pregnant women in this group. Objective: To analyze the association between the outcome of low birth weight and sociodemographic characteristics, prenatal and delivery of adolescent and young adult mothers in the capitals and cities of the Northeast region, between 2011 and 2012. Method: a cross-sectional analytical study, hospital and regional basis, conducted in 2011 and 2012. Information was obtained through interviews with postpartum women in the immediate postpartum maternal and data records and newborns. Multivariate analyzes obeyed three levels of hierarchy as conceptual theoretical model, being underweight the dependent variable birth. The distal level were included as variables socioeconomic aspects - origin, marital status, age, adequacy of education with age, occupation, and skin color. At the intermediate level, obstetric and prenatal characteristics - number of pre-natal, first pregnancy, smoking during pregnancy, alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and monitoring by different professionals in prenatal care. At the proximal level, factors related to obstetric characteristics - public funding for childbirth; prematurity, vaginal delivery, and complications in the current pregnancy. Results: Results: from the total of 3,906 interviewed women, 9.7% were underweight fetuses; postpartum women who had less than six prenatal consultations showed a 1.8 times greater chance of having a newborn with low birth weight; being primigravida increased the chance of the occurrence of low birth weight by 1.5 times; prematurity raised 21 times the chance of this outcome, as well as complications in the current pregnancy increased by 1.6 times. The origin and age were not maintained significant association with the outcome of low birth weight, after adjustment for the intermediate and proximal levels, however, functioned as mediating variables in explaining the phenomenon studied. Conclusions: low birth weight is an important indicator of maternal and child health, in addition to measuring social development, particularly among adolescents and young adults, where the lack of family support and the society can have negative effects on the health and survival of newborns. Associated with multiple causes, being critical, therefore, to increase access to prenatal care quality and better use of intersectionality between health services.