Calophyllaceae da Bahia e padrões de distribuição de kielmeyera na Mata Atlântica

Abstract

Calophyllaceae is a pantropical family, with 14 genera and about 460 species. Eight genera and approximately 80 species of Calophyllaceae are native from Brazil, almost ¾ of which are endemic. This study aimed at preparing the Calophyllaceae Flora from the state of Bahia, the third largest state in number of species of this family in Brazil. The monograph is divided in three chapters: in Chapter I, Kielmeyera ferruginosa, a new species endemic to Bahia, is described; the taxonomic treatment of Calophyllaceae from the state is presented in Chapter II; and Chapter III is a biogeographic study Kielmeyera in the Atlantic Forest. The flora is based mainly on herbarium collections from ALCB, BAH, BHCB, CEN, CEPEC, HRB, HST, HUEFS, HUESC, IBGE, IPA, MBM, PEUFR, RB, UB UEC and UFP, images from virtual herbaria and field observations. Four genera and 21 species were recognized in the state: Kielmeyera, with 18 species, Calophyllum, Caraipa and Mammea, with one species each; 32% of these species are endemic to Bahia. Identification keys to genera and species, descriptions and illustrations, as well as maps of species distribution in the state and comments about taxa are presented. Kielmeyera occhioniana, considered endemic to the state of Espírito Santo, is recorded for the first time in Bahia. The Atlantic Forest is the phytogeographical domain with the highest number of species of Calophyllaceae in the state (14), followed by the Cerrado (9) and Caatinga (4). Based on the distribution analysis of Kielmeyera in the Atlantic forest, we identified three major centers of diversity and endemism: the southern Bahia, northern Espírito Santo and southern Rio de Janeiro. The valley of the Rio Doce, in Espírito Santo State, seems to represent an area of confluence between the northern and southern portions of Atlantic forest, with south limit to the northern species in the Espírito Santo Litorânea Basin and the north limit to southern species in the São Mateus river basin. Most records for the genus are not protected areas or in remnants of original vegetation, suggesting an imminent loss of its diversity is already in progress