Avaliação dos efeitos imunomodulador e antimicrobiano dos extratos da Lippia thymoides na periodontite

Abstract

Periodontitis is a disease of multifactorial etiology, whose primary etiological factor is the presence of biofilm on the dental surface, and the host response plays a major role in its onset and development. Its treatment has as its principle the mechanical removal of the biofilm. The use of chemical adjuvants to control biofilm and consequently periodontitis has also been advocated in various forms of administration, but the use of herbal medicines for this purpose is quite restricted. Lippia thymoides is a plant well known and used in folk medicine, whose antibacterial potential has been studied. This work evaluated the immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activity of the extracts of this plant through the cultivation of whole blood of volunteers with and without periodontitis of the Dental Clinic of Feira de Santana State University (UEFS). The toxicity of Lippia thymoides methanolic extract was tested in Artemia salina and by reducing MTT [3- (4,5-dimethiazol-2yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)] in human peripheral blood cells. Disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration tests were performed for antimicrobial assays. Participants' peripheral blood cells were cultured for 48h in the presence of extracts and levels of interleukin 17 (IL-17), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 13 (IL-13), interleukin 10 (IL-10) cytokines. ) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) were dosed by enzyme immunoassay. Lippia thymoides leaf extract diluted in methanol (50%) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) 3% had no cytotoxic effect on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells at concentrations of 1%, 5% and 10%. L. thymoides methanolic extract inhibited IL-13 production (p = 0.000) and induced higher IFN-γ production (p = 0.019) when compared to the absence of stimulation. When used concomitantly with P. gingivalis extract, it led to a reduction in IL-1β (p = 0.000) and IL-13 (p = 0.000) levels compared to those observed when the bacterial extract was used alone. In addition, L. thymoides extract was bactericidal for the microorganisms Micrococus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus, bacteriostatic for Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella cholereasuis, fungicide for Candida glabrata and Candida albicans. Lippia thymoides. Methanolic extract showed antibacterial, antifungal and immunomodulatory effects, being a potential biotechnological product for the control of oral diseases, especially periodontitis.