Crioconservação de sementes, calos, gemas apicais e axilares de Anadenanthera colubrina (Velloso) Brenan. e resgate via cultura de tecidos

Abstract

The caatinga provides many products to the local population: wood, fodder, fruits, oils and bioactive substances, among others. Anadenanthera colubrina (Velloso) Brenan, due to the multiple uses and uncontrolled exploitation has suffered declining populations with significant loss of genetic variability, which makes urgent conservation action. One of the most promising in the long term, is the cryopreservation (liquid nitrogen at-196oC), since, under these conditions, physiological and biochemical reactions are completely disrupted and plant material can be stored indefinitely. Considering the importance of this species for semiarid northeastern aimed to work with this, besides the professional qualification of the tenderer, the development of methodologies for the conservation of seeds and plant tissues of Anadenanthera colubrina by cryogenics. The tests were developed in the Laboratories of Germination and Plant Tissue Culture in the Experimental Unit Horto Florestal of Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Bahia, where we tested the cryopreservation of seeds, apical buds, axillary and calluses, using different methodologies: direct immersion in liquid nitrogen, vitrification and encapsulation / dehydratation. The direct immersion in liquid nitrogen proved to be very effective in cryopreservation of whole seeds, the encapsulation / dehydration associated with the use of sucrose as cryoprotectant provide the best results in cryopreservation of other tissues studied, when compared with the vitrification process. The results demonstrate a clear need for further investigation, although point to the possibility of using this methodology for the ex situ conservation of the species.